The failure of the Simon commission and the Round table conference which led to the
Government of India Act 1935 to satisfy the Indian aspirations accentuated the demand for a
constitution of India made by people of India without outside interference. This was officially
asserted by the INC in 1935.
• Learning: M. N. Roy had put forth the idea of a Constituent Assembly of India In 1934. Later
The Inc Demanded it. During the Second World War, this assertion for an independent
Constituent Assembly formed only of Indians gained momentum and this was convened in
December 1946. This was reiterated at the working committee meeting of INC in Ludhiana,
1939. Before this period, there were demands either only to review the constitution or reform
the administrative structures not to have a. constituent assembly.

In 1942, Sir Stafford Cripps, a member of the cabinet, came to India with a draft proposal of
the British Government on the framing of an independent Constitution to be adopted after
the World War II. The Cripps Proposals were rejected by the Muslim League which wanted
India to be divided into two autonomous states with two separate Constituent Assemblies.
Finally, a Cabinet Mission was sent to India. While it rejected the idea of two Constituent
Assemblies, it put forth a scheme for the Constituent Assembly which more or less satisfied
the Muslim league

93 seats allotted to the princely states were not filled as they decided to stay away from the
Constituent Assembly. The representatives of the princely states, who had stayed away from
the Constituent Assembly, gradually joined it. On April 1947, representatives of the six states
were part of the Assembly. After the acceptance of the Mountbatten Plan of June 1947 for a
partition of the country, the representatives of most of the other princely states took their
seats in the Assembly. The members of the Muslim League from the Indian Dominion also
entered the Assembly.

Unwritten constitution is Constitution not embodied in a single document but based chiefly
on custom and precedent as expressed in statutes and judicial decision that forms base for all
formal decision-making in the country. ex: Britain constitution

Answer: A

Indian constitution has envisaged the centralised idea of national unity. The unitary bias
visible in Indian constitution is intended to preserve and promote national unity.

Constitution of India provides for the distribution of powers between state and centre. Hence
it is federal in nature. But Article 1 describes India as union of states and there are provisions
like emergency, residuary powers in centre, etc., which are unitary in nature. It was to protect
the security and unity of India.

Constitution specifies the structure, organisation, powers and functions of both the Central
and state governments and prescribes the limits within which they must operate. Thus, it
avoids the misunderstandings and disagreements between the two. All the laws made in India
are codified separate from the constitution and maintained in a law book. They need not be a
part of the constitution. Even in the UK where there is no written constitution, people enjoy
several fundamental rights. However, only because our fundamental rights are written in the
constitution, it is difficult to amend and change them as per the wishes of the political
executive.

Societal ideals like fraternity, harmony, justice, etc., are enshrined in the Preamble and
Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP). Nature of society is to be secular, liberal and social.
It is mentioned in the Preamble, Directive Principles and Fundamental Rights. Political system
mentioned in the constitution in the Preamble. is republic democratic

The concept of equality implies that all people, as human beings, are entitled to the same
rights and opportunities to develop their skills and talents, and to pursue their goals and
ambitions.