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Question 1 of 10
1. Question
2 points
Which of the following marine species is/are generally protected by shells?
1. Oysters
2. Lobsters
3. Sea Urchins
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
Correct
Oyster is the common name for a number of different families of salt-water bivalve molluscs that live in marine or brackish habitats. Oyster shells are usually oval or pear- shaped, but will vary widely in form depending on what they attach to. They are generally whitish-gray in outer shell color, and their inside shell is usually a porcelain white. They have extremely strong adductor muscles to close their shells when threatened.
Lobsters are a family of large marine crustaceans. The shell of a lobster, called the “exoskeleton”, provides the lobster’s shape as well as an excellent armour protection from enemies. As the lobster grows, it must periodically shed its old hard shell and grow a new one. The process in known as molting.
Sea urchins are members of a large group of marine invertebrates in the phylum Echinodermata (spiny skinned animals) that also include starfish, sea cucumbers, sea lilie and brittle stars.
All sea urchins have a hard-calcareous shell called a test, which is covered with a thin epithelium and is usually armed with spines. The spines are used for protection and for trapping drifting algae for food. Between the spines, they have tube feet that are used in food capture, in locomotion and for holding on to the substrate.
Incorrect
Oyster is the common name for a number of different families of salt-water bivalve molluscs that live in marine or brackish habitats. Oyster shells are usually oval or pear- shaped, but will vary widely in form depending on what they attach to. They are generally whitish-gray in outer shell color, and their inside shell is usually a porcelain white. They have extremely strong adductor muscles to close their shells when threatened.
Lobsters are a family of large marine crustaceans. The shell of a lobster, called the “exoskeleton”, provides the lobster’s shape as well as an excellent armour protection from enemies. As the lobster grows, it must periodically shed its old hard shell and grow a new one. The process in known as molting.
Sea urchins are members of a large group of marine invertebrates in the phylum Echinodermata (spiny skinned animals) that also include starfish, sea cucumbers, sea lilie and brittle stars.
All sea urchins have a hard-calcareous shell called a test, which is covered with a thin epithelium and is usually armed with spines. The spines are used for protection and for trapping drifting algae for food. Between the spines, they have tube feet that are used in food capture, in locomotion and for holding on to the substrate.
Question 2 of 10
2. Question
2 points
Consider the following statements regarding the Universal Service Obligation Fund (USOF):
1. It was given statutory status through the Indian Telegraph (Amendment) Act, 2003.
2. It is headed by the USOF Administrator who reports to the Secretary, Department of Telecommunications (DoT).
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Correct
Both the statements given above are correct.
Universal Service Obligation Fund was established in 2002, with the main aim to provide universal telecom services and ensure that even the unconnected areas in the country reap the benefits of inclusive development.
The Indian Telegraph (Amendment) Act, 2003 gave statutory status to the Universal Service Obligation Fund (USOF).
The USOF is headed by the USOF Administrator who reports to the Secretary, Department of Telecommunications (DoT).
Funding:
The funds for the USOF come from Universal Service Levy (USL). The USL is charged from all the telecom operators on their Adjusted Gross Revenue (AGR). These are then deposited into the Consolidated Fund of India, and prior parliamentary approval is required for dispatching.
Incorrect
Both the statements given above are correct.
Universal Service Obligation Fund was established in 2002, with the main aim to provide universal telecom services and ensure that even the unconnected areas in the country reap the benefits of inclusive development.
The Indian Telegraph (Amendment) Act, 2003 gave statutory status to the Universal Service Obligation Fund (USOF).
The USOF is headed by the USOF Administrator who reports to the Secretary, Department of Telecommunications (DoT).
Funding:
The funds for the USOF come from Universal Service Levy (USL). The USL is charged from all the telecom operators on their Adjusted Gross Revenue (AGR). These are then deposited into the Consolidated Fund of India, and prior parliamentary approval is required for dispatching.
Question 3 of 10
3. Question
2 points
Consider the following statements regarding the sickle cell disease:
1. It is a genetic disorder
2. It is a white blood cell disorder.
3. It can be cured by bone marrow or stem cell transplant.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Correct
Sickle cell disease is a group of inherited red blood cell disorders. Hence, statement 1 is correct and statement 2 is incorrect.
Healthy red blood cells are round, and they move through small blood vessels to carry oxygen to all parts of the body. In someone who has SCD, the red blood cells become hard and sticky and look like a C-shaped farm tool called a “sickle”.
The sickle cells die early, which causes a constant shortage of red blood cells. Also, when they travel through small blood vessels, they get stuck and clog the blood flow. This can cause pain and other serious problems such infection, acute chest syndrome and stroke.
The only cure for SCD is bone marrow or stem cell transplant. Hence, statement 3 is correct.
Bone marrow is a soft, fatty tissue inside the center of the bones where blood cells are made. A bone marrow or stem cell transplant is a procedure that takes healthy cells that form blood from one person—the donor—and puts them into someone whose bone marrow is not working properly.
Incorrect
Sickle cell disease is a group of inherited red blood cell disorders. Hence, statement 1 is correct and statement 2 is incorrect.
Healthy red blood cells are round, and they move through small blood vessels to carry oxygen to all parts of the body. In someone who has SCD, the red blood cells become hard and sticky and look like a C-shaped farm tool called a “sickle”.
The sickle cells die early, which causes a constant shortage of red blood cells. Also, when they travel through small blood vessels, they get stuck and clog the blood flow. This can cause pain and other serious problems such infection, acute chest syndrome and stroke.
The only cure for SCD is bone marrow or stem cell transplant. Hence, statement 3 is correct.
Bone marrow is a soft, fatty tissue inside the center of the bones where blood cells are made. A bone marrow or stem cell transplant is a procedure that takes healthy cells that form blood from one person—the donor—and puts them into someone whose bone marrow is not working properly.
Question 4 of 10
4. Question
2 points
Which of following organizations has jointly developed “Handbook on Sustainable Urban Plastic Waste Management”?
Correct
Handbook on Sustainable Urban Plastic Waste Management has been jointly developed by UNDP India and NITI Aayog, in consultation with eminent experts and leading organizations in the domain of plastic waste.
Incorrect
Handbook on Sustainable Urban Plastic Waste Management has been jointly developed by UNDP India and NITI Aayog, in consultation with eminent experts and leading organizations in the domain of plastic waste.
Question 5 of 10
5. Question
2 points
Rewak – Imangiri elephant corridor, sometimes seen in the news, is located in which of the following state?
Correct
Elephant Corridors in Meghalaya
The Wildlife Trust of India in its publication ByVivek Menon titled “Right of Passage:Elephant Corridors of India”, has identified five elephant corridors in the Garo Hills District for the right of safe passage to elephants.
These five elephant corridors are
Siju – Rewak (Length-1.6 km, Width-0.5 Km) Baghmara – Balpakram (Length-6 km, Width-4.5 Kms)
Rewak – Imangiri (Length-6.5-8.4 Kms, Width-1.7-2.8 Kms) Rangira – Nokrek (Length-7-8 Kms, Width-0.1-1.5 Kms) and Imangiri – Nokrek (Length-4-5 Kms, Width-3-4 Kms).
The Hon’ble Supreme Court in their order dated 04.08.2017 in the Writ Petition (Civil) No.275/2015 in the matter of VidyaAthreya&Anr. Vs. Union of India and Ors directed the Ministry of Environment, Forests &Climate Change to secure safe passage of wild elephants from one area to another through acquisition or by entering into a lease with the stake holders of the 27 corridors identified as corridors of high priority.
The two corridors, namely, “Baghmara – Balpakram” and “Siju-Rewak” are located in Meghalaya
Steps have been initiated to acquire community lands for protecting elephant corridors in Garo Hills.
Map showing Corridors
Incorrect
Elephant Corridors in Meghalaya
The Wildlife Trust of India in its publication ByVivek Menon titled “Right of Passage:Elephant Corridors of India”, has identified five elephant corridors in the Garo Hills District for the right of safe passage to elephants.
These five elephant corridors are
Siju – Rewak (Length-1.6 km, Width-0.5 Km) Baghmara – Balpakram (Length-6 km, Width-4.5 Kms)
Rewak – Imangiri (Length-6.5-8.4 Kms, Width-1.7-2.8 Kms) Rangira – Nokrek (Length-7-8 Kms, Width-0.1-1.5 Kms) and Imangiri – Nokrek (Length-4-5 Kms, Width-3-4 Kms).
The Hon’ble Supreme Court in their order dated 04.08.2017 in the Writ Petition (Civil) No.275/2015 in the matter of VidyaAthreya&Anr. Vs. Union of India and Ors directed the Ministry of Environment, Forests &Climate Change to secure safe passage of wild elephants from one area to another through acquisition or by entering into a lease with the stake holders of the 27 corridors identified as corridors of high priority.
The two corridors, namely, “Baghmara – Balpakram” and “Siju-Rewak” are located in Meghalaya
Steps have been initiated to acquire community lands for protecting elephant corridors in Garo Hills.
Map showing Corridors
Question 6 of 10
6. Question
2 points
Consider the following statements
1. Most of the invertebrate species are capable of thermo and osmoregulation.
2. The mechanisms used by most mammals to regulate their body temperature are similar to the ones that we humans use.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Correct
Some organisms are able to maintain homeostasis by physiological (sometimes behavioural also) means which ensures constant body temperature, constant osmotic concentration, etc.
All birds and mammals, and a very few lower vertebrate and invertebrate species are indeed capable of such regulation (thermoregulation and osmoregulation).
Evolutionary biologists believe that the ‘success’ of mammals is largely due to their ability to maintain a constant body temperature and thrive whether they live in Antarctica or in the Sahara desert. Hence Statement 1 is incorrect.
The mechanisms used by most mammals to regulate their body temperature are similar to the ones that we humans use. We maintain a constant body temperature of 370C. In summer, when outside temperature is more than our body temperature, we sweat profusely. Hence Statement 2 is correct.
The resulting evaporative cooling, similar to what happens with a desert cooler in operation, brings down the body temperature. In winter when the temperature is much lower than 370C, we start to shiver, a kind of exercise which produces heat and raises the body temperature.
Plants, on the other hand, do not have such mechanisms to maintain internal temperatures.
Incorrect
Some organisms are able to maintain homeostasis by physiological (sometimes behavioural also) means which ensures constant body temperature, constant osmotic concentration, etc.
All birds and mammals, and a very few lower vertebrate and invertebrate species are indeed capable of such regulation (thermoregulation and osmoregulation).
Evolutionary biologists believe that the ‘success’ of mammals is largely due to their ability to maintain a constant body temperature and thrive whether they live in Antarctica or in the Sahara desert. Hence Statement 1 is incorrect.
The mechanisms used by most mammals to regulate their body temperature are similar to the ones that we humans use. We maintain a constant body temperature of 370C. In summer, when outside temperature is more than our body temperature, we sweat profusely. Hence Statement 2 is correct.
The resulting evaporative cooling, similar to what happens with a desert cooler in operation, brings down the body temperature. In winter when the temperature is much lower than 370C, we start to shiver, a kind of exercise which produces heat and raises the body temperature.
Plants, on the other hand, do not have such mechanisms to maintain internal temperatures.
Question 7 of 10
7. Question
2 points
Consider the following statements
1. An overwhelming majority (99 per cent) of animals and nearly all plants cannot maintain a constant internal environment.
2. In aquatic animals, the osmotic concentration of the body fluids changes with that of the ambient air, water osmotic concentration.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Correct
An overwhelming majority (99 per cent) of animals and nearly all plants cannot maintain a constant internal environment. Their body temperature changes with the ambient temperature. In aquatic animals, the osmotic concentration of the body fluids change with that of the ambient air, water osmotic concentration. These animals and plants are simply conformers.
Incorrect
An overwhelming majority (99 per cent) of animals and nearly all plants cannot maintain a constant internal environment. Their body temperature changes with the ambient temperature. In aquatic animals, the osmotic concentration of the body fluids change with that of the ambient air, water osmotic concentration. These animals and plants are simply conformers.
Question 8 of 10
8. Question
2 points
Which of the following organisms/species undergo hibernation?
1. Common Poorwill
2. Snakes
3. Bumblebees
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Correct
Suspend: In bacteria, fungi and lower plants, various kinds of thickwalled spores are formed which help them to survive unfavourable conditions – these germinate on availability of a suitable environment.
In higher plants, seeds and some other vegetative reproductive structures serve as means to tide over periods of stress besides helping in dispersal – they germinate to form new plants under favourable moisture and temperature conditions. They do so by reducing their metabolic activity and going into a state of ‘dormancy’.
In animals, the organism, if unable to migrate, might avoid the stress by escaping in time. The familiar case of bears going into hibernation during winter is an example of escape in time.
Some snails and fish go into aestivation to avoid summer–related problems-heat and desiccation. Under unfavourable conditions many zooplankton species in lakes and ponds are known to enter diapause, a stage of suspended development. Species like Common Poorwill, Snakes and Bumblebees show hibernation.
Incorrect
Suspend: In bacteria, fungi and lower plants, various kinds of thickwalled spores are formed which help them to survive unfavourable conditions – these germinate on availability of a suitable environment.
In higher plants, seeds and some other vegetative reproductive structures serve as means to tide over periods of stress besides helping in dispersal – they germinate to form new plants under favourable moisture and temperature conditions. They do so by reducing their metabolic activity and going into a state of ‘dormancy’.
In animals, the organism, if unable to migrate, might avoid the stress by escaping in time. The familiar case of bears going into hibernation during winter is an example of escape in time.
Some snails and fish go into aestivation to avoid summer–related problems-heat and desiccation. Under unfavourable conditions many zooplankton species in lakes and ponds are known to enter diapause, a stage of suspended development. Species like Common Poorwill, Snakes and Bumblebees show hibernation.
Question 9 of 10
9. Question
2 points
Consider the following statements
1. Amensalism: It is the interaction in which one species benefits and the other is neither harmed nor benefited.
2. Commensalism: It is the relationship between two organisms, where one is hurt.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Correct
Commensalism: This is the interaction in which one species benefits and the other is neither harmed nor benefited. An orchid growing as an epiphyte on a mango branch, and barnacles growing on the back of a whale benefit while neither the mango tree nor the whale derives any apparent benefit. The cattle egret and grazing cattle in close association, a sight you are most likely to catch if you live in farmed rural areas, is a classic example of commensalism.
Amensalism is a biological interaction among two species. In this contact between two organisms, one is destroyed or inhibited, and other remains unaffected. However, in some instances, both organisms might get hurt. Amensalism is further divided into two categories, antibiosis and competition.
Incorrect
Commensalism: This is the interaction in which one species benefits and the other is neither harmed nor benefited. An orchid growing as an epiphyte on a mango branch, and barnacles growing on the back of a whale benefit while neither the mango tree nor the whale derives any apparent benefit. The cattle egret and grazing cattle in close association, a sight you are most likely to catch if you live in farmed rural areas, is a classic example of commensalism.
Amensalism is a biological interaction among two species. In this contact between two organisms, one is destroyed or inhibited, and other remains unaffected. However, in some instances, both organisms might get hurt. Amensalism is further divided into two categories, antibiosis and competition.
Question 10 of 10
10. Question
2 points
Consider the following statements:
1. Tiger, man, cat and dog can be considered as examples of stenothermal animals.
2. Seals can be considered as an example for cryophilic animals.
3. The green crab is an example of a euryhaline invertebrate.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Correct
Eurythermal animals are those who can tolerate a wide range of temperatures. They are able to function at a wide range of body temperatures. Eurythermal animals show less sensitivity to temperature or they show comparatively low temperature sensitivity. Examples of eurythermal animals are desert pupfish, green crabs, tiger, man, cat, dog etc.
Hence, statement 1 is incorrect.
Incorrect
Eurythermal animals are those who can tolerate a wide range of temperatures. They are able to function at a wide range of body temperatures. Eurythermal animals show less sensitivity to temperature or they show comparatively low temperature sensitivity. Examples of eurythermal animals are desert pupfish, green crabs, tiger, man, cat, dog etc.
Hence, statement 1 is incorrect.
